What Is Ecological Correlation

Correlation is an important statistical tool. This method in statistics can help us to determine and to describe the relationship between two variables. We must be careful to use and interpret correlation correctly. One such warning is to always remember that correlation does not imply causation.  There are other aspects of correlation that we must be careful with.  When working with correlation we must also be cautious of ecological correlation. Ecological correlation is a correlation based on averages. Although this can be helpful, and sometimes even necessary to consider, we must be careful not to assume that this type of correlation applies to individuals as well. Example One We will illustrate the concept of ecological correlation, and stress that it not be misused, by looking at a few examples. An example of an ecological correlation between two variables is the number of years of education and average income. We can see that these two variables are positively correlated quite strongly: the higher the number of years of education, the greater the average income level.  It would be a mistake to then think that this correlation holds for individual incomes. When we consider individuals with the same education levels, the income levels are spread out. If we would construct a scatterplot of this data, we would see this spread of points. The result would be that the correlation between education and individual incomes would be much weaker than the correlation between years of education and average incomes. Example Two Another example of ecological correlation that we will consider concerns voting patterns and income level. At the state level, wealthier states tend to vote at a higher proportion for Democratic candidates. Poorer states vote in higher proportions for Republican candidates. For individuals this correlation changes. A larger portion of poorer individuals vote Democratic and a larger portion of wealthy individuals vote Republican. Example Three A third instance of ecological correlation is when we look at the number of hours of weekly exercise and average body mass index. Here the number of hours of exercise is the explanatory variable and the average body mass index is the response. As exercise increases, we would expect body mass index to go down. We would thus observe a strong negative correlation between these variables. However, when we look at the individual level the correlation would not be as strong. Ecological Fallacy Ecological correlation is related to the ecological fallacy and is one instance of this kind of fallacy. This type of logical fallacy infers that a statistical statement pertaining to a group also applies to the individuals within that group. This is a form of the division fallacy, which mistakes statements involving groups for individuals. Another way that ecological fallacies appear in statistics is Simpson’s paradox. Simpson’s paradox refers to the comparison between two individuals or populations. We will distinguish between these two by A and B. A series of measurements may show that a variable always has a higher value for A rather than B. But when we average the values of this variable, we see that B is greater than A. Ecological The term ecological is related to ecology. One use of the term ecology is to refer to a certain branch of biology. This part of biology studies the interactions between organisms and their environment. This consideration of an individual as part of something much larger is the sense In which this type of correlation is named.

Implementation Plan For Students For Stress And Anxiety Essay

Implementation Plan In June 2017, Youth Uprising will create a district wide policy with Alameda County to screen all A.A. students for stress and anxiety (See Appendix A). Starting July 2017, Beauty in the Process program will be the result of the new district-wide policy in Alameda County (See Appendix A). This will be a pilot program for one year at Lincoln Middle School in Alameda, California. Volunteers will be recruited from the school’s Parent Teacher Association (PTA) and in return each volunteer, up to six persons, will receive a school supply grant for $500. Youth UpRising will provide a program coordinator, certified health educator, social worker and guidance counselor from the organization’s program to make the recruitment processes easier. The program will partner with Flying Yoga Studios in Alameda, since they already have experience teaching yoga and meditation to younger children. The partnership will give student yoga instructors more community hours while assisting a certified yoga instructor. This will ensure students get more attention during sessions with two paid yoga instructors plus additional student instructors. Volunteers will then be fingerprinted and background checked. Art instructor will be recruited through the Alameda County Department of Education to hire an art instructor with teaching credentials. There are approximately 900 students at Lincoln Middle School, of which around 6% are African American. The students will be given aShow MoreRelatedThe Use of Standardized Testing1088 Words   |  4 Pagesthe earlier studies include data from the early 1900’s. According to Frazier (2009), â€Å"there is a significant difference in scores on standardized tests when students have completed a technology education program†. This study shows a correlation between the use of technology within the school system and achievement on standardized tests. 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Conflicts in Work Place Free Essays

Conflicts management in work place OVERVIEW The purpose of this assignment is to critically analyze the conflicts in working place and try to understand organization behavior with respect to conflict effect. I also try to focus whether conflict is necessary or not by using range of theoretical perspectives and ideologies of conflict. INTRODUCTION: Conflicts are unpleasant, but it is a kind of force that ruling almost every aspect of our life. We will write a custom essay sample on Conflicts in Work Place or any similar topic only for you Order Now As time passes in every working relationship it is common to produce conflict (John Newstrom 2007, p. 253). Conflict can arise from various sources and directions but it can emerge in short duration of time among people of any level, and it may require proper management. Conflict can be constructive or destructive depending on ability of management. Hence managers should be aware of it and must know when and how to stimulate conflict in better way to resolve from it in time. Conflict is defined as â€Å"[.. a process that begins when one party perceives that another party has negatively affected, or is about to negatively affect, something the first party cares about† (Huczynski Buchanan 2007, p. 661). Every organization has some sets of rules for its existence and to stay competent in the market and its survival as they desired. For this organization should be stable, always integrated, well coordinated, order and unanimity. As we know that organization is a place where peop le work together to achieve a common goal. But to attain the goal everyone has to struggle, cooperate, obey rules, and always communicate with each other to complete the given task in time. But history shows that many organization fallen because of these interpersonal relationships of the people are not productive, cooperative, and satisfying which directly effects the reputation of the organization and creates a big problem for its growth. Many people believe that organization is interfered with conflicts and many other factors such as disintegration, antagonism, frequent changes, and divided loyalties. But it is also seen that people believe conflicts are necessary to perform organization effectively. Let have a close look on conflict in organization and people point of view: WHY CONFLICT ARISE? In any situation conflict can arise between two or more parties when they think opposite and feel themselves in opposition. Conflict can arise due to many factors. For example: To achieve the goal in time different people apply different methods and techniques, but some time because of disagreement among the people due to different experience can produce the conflict. It is an interpersonal process; â€Å"conflicts also arise due to tack inter-dependence, policies, ambiguity of roles and rules, personality differences, ineffective communication, the competition over scarce resources, and underlying differences in attitudes, beliefs, and experiences† (Huczynski Buchanan 2007, p. 661). Conflict can be functional or dysfunctional; we can consider it constructive or destructive depending on its management. But important question is whether conflict is necessary or not for any organization? Levels of Conflict: In any working place conflict can be possible to occur within an employee, between individuals or groups, and across organizations as they compete. Sources of Conflict: Organizational change, Different sets of values, Threats to status, Contrasting perceptions, Lack of trust, personality clashes, and personality differences. IS CONFLICT NECESSARY EVIL OR NOT: From many decades, there has much debate that concerning whether conflict within the organization is necessary or not. Dean Tjosvold (2008) argued that conflict was inevitable aspect of all organizations; that properly conducted; it lead to a better understanding between individuals, as well as to better ways of working. Since conflict was essential to successful teamwork and organizational effectiveness, it should be welcomed and managed appropriately. In contrast, Carten De Dreu (2008) stated that conflict was always detrimental, and that the research support for the beneficial aspects of workplace conflict was weak. He said that conflict was beneficial in only a very few, specific situations; and that even in thes, it had negative consequences which outweighted the positive ones. He felt that organizations had to make efforts to manage conflict, not because it had positive effects but so as to minimize its negative ones† (BUCHANAN AND HUCZYNSKI, 2010). THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES OF CONFLICT: According to traditional perceptive conflicts are negative and indicates something is wrong. It must be avoided or eliminate. The contemporary perspective describes conflict as inevitable. It describes that if conflicts are very high or low they have negative consequences which affect the performance of the organization. CONTRASTING VIEWS OF CONFLICT: It is found that there are three views of conflict: positive, negative and ‘balanced’. Positive view: This view consider conflict are positive in organizations, but if it is managed and Considered can be positive and they believe that if the conflict managed and resolution effectively many time we can see constructive outcomes. This helps them to think how they can adopt different process to do things and conflict resolution process is many time seen a stimulus for positive change in the organization. This view tells resolving conflict also help to adapt to changes and it is seen more acceptable (Coiser Dalton, 1990). Conflict help in decision making process; because it is nature and people have different opinions, thoughts, attitudes and values for any given situation which can be beneficial in making and choosing better idea and decision. ositive view of conflict help us to encourage to work in difference and it tell positive outcomes of conflicts are very beneficial to the organization, it may increase quality of work and personal satisfaction and also increases commitment and motivation to complete the task in time. Negative view: This view considers conflict as negative, it tells that conflict is dangerous and have serious negative effects and may diverts organization goals to achieve and also effect on out psychological wellbeing. This view express that conflict also affect ideas, created tension, increases stress and anxiety. And conflict may be detrimental to individual and group development over period of time. (Baron, R. A. and Richardson, S. R. , Human Aggression, 2nd edition (Plenum Press, New York, 1991). ) ‘Balanced’ view: This view of conflict some time preferable from a managerial perspective. In this approach sometime conflict are destructive and some time they are highly desirable and constructive. But managing conflict is essential for attaining the goal for any manager. TRANSITIONS IN CONFLICT THOUGHT: Organization conflict has different definitions and perspectives from many years. One thought of school argued that, conflict must be avoided in order to run the organization effectively, without any malfunctioning within it. This thought called traditional view. Another thought of school argued that conflicts in any organization are natural and inevitable. According to this view conflict is not a evil, but it tells that management should have the ability for improving organizational effectiveness and efficiency. We called this thought behavioral view. Third thought is interactionist approach and it is most recent perspective. This thought of school argues that conflicts are positive and important for any organization. It tells that conflicts are absolutely necessary for improving organization effectiveness and efficiency. (Adapted from: Stephen R. Robbins, Managing Organization Conflict: A Nontraditional Approach (Englewood Cliffs, N. J. : Prentice-Hall, 1974). ) THE TRADITIONAL VIEW: In this view, it is assumed that conflict is natural and very bad, it should be avoided and eliminate immediately. There will be always negative impact on organizational performance. And it is believed that organization cannot perform effectively, if the conflicts are not eliminated in time. According to this approach conflicts are harmful and must be avoided. Conflicts can cause violence, destruction, and some time irrationality problems. It is manager responsibility to identify the conflicts if any and try to eliminate it to get rid of problems. This traditional perspective prevailed the management and organizational lit during the late nineteenth century and continued to be mid – 1940s. The Behavioral View: In this behavioral view traditional approach was followed and it is argued that occurrence of conflicts are natural in organizations. But behavioralists argued that conflicts are inevitable they advocated accepting the conflict. The behavioral view explains that conflict cannot be eliminated and they believe that conflict may benefit organization performance. They believe conflicts are inevitable and must resolve in time. The view prevailed management and organization from the late 1940s through the mid-1970s. The Interactionist View: It is the current theoretical perspective on conflict, this approach encourages conflict and they believe that conflict is positive for any organization. In interactionists approach believe that conflict can help to make new ideas, improve intra group cohesiveness, because of different opinion and different experience it help in making better decision in time, and many benefits to the organization. Interactionists perspective encourage functional opposition and necessity of conflict for the effectiveness of the organization. In this view it not only focuses of conflict stimulation but also choose appropriate conflict resolution process by the management. And explains conflict management are the major responsibility for the managers. It is seen that many evidence suggests conflict is necessary and important in organization because it improves the quality of decision making. (Coiser Schwenk, 1990). Thus I think the major problem is not conflict itself, but the problem is how to manage the conflict in the organization. So we can expect conflict may be result functional or dysfunctional and any one of them have serious effect to achieve the goal in time of any organization. This functional conflict is helpful to nurture the individuals in the working place to improve the creativity, adaption and innovation of the organization. (Thomas, K. W. ‘Conflict and conflict management’, in Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, ed. M. D. Dunnette (Rand McNally, Chicago, 1976). ) Because of complacency some organizations are failure, but can be traced back to too much harmony. (Robbins, S. P. , Essentials of Organizational Behavior (Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1992). ) But in reality most organization try to eliminate any type of conflict because they think elimination of conflict solve the problem and perform organization effectively. But now we can see and argue that functional conflict should be encouraged and dysfunctional conflict should be discouraged. It has spent more than three decades by many researchers, scholar and behavioural scientist to analyze the affects of dysfunctional intergroup conflict in the people who experiences it(Sherif and Sherif, Groups in Harmony and Tension (Harper and Row, New York, 1953). ) -Within groups: it increases the group cohesiveness, able to emphasis on loyalty, rise in desired autocratic leadership and focus on activity; -Between groups: there will be distorted in perceptions, communication is not effective and some time negative stereotyping. View of Conflict can be better understood by different frame of references. Frame of reference: †It is describe as, a person’s perceptions and interpretations of events, and involve assumptions about reality, attitudes towards what is possible, and conventions regarding correct behavior† (Huczynski Buchanan 2007, p. 661). Contrasting frames of reference: It is seen that literature distinguishes four different frames of reference for conflict, based on differentiation made by Alan Fox. They are unitarist, pluralist, interactionist and radical (Fox, 1966, 1973). All these frames are different from each other but important thing is that none of these are right or wrong. Unitarist: In unitarist frame conflict is seen badly and they think that organizations should be essentially harmonious. Pluralist: In pluralist frame sees that groups in organization have their own interests and organization is collection of groups. Interactionist: This interactionist frame sees conflict as a positive, necessary force for effective performance of any organization; Radical: In radical frame sees conflict as an inevitable outcome of capitalism in any organization. To better understand conflict one should view it as dynamic rather than a static concept and the sequence of conflict stages can be seen as latent, perceived, felt, manifest and after math. (Pondy, L. R. , ‘Organizational conflict: concept and models’, Administrative Science Quarterly, 12 (1967). ) Conflict is inevitable in organizational life and its results can be constructive rather than destructive depending up on how it is managed. If negative effects controlled and can be minimized then positive outcomes may result. Effective conflict management is based in part, on a solid understanding of the different ways that conflict emerges and can be resolved. (Anderson, H. and Kyprianou. 1994. Effective Organizational Behaviour. edn. Oxford: Blackwell ) EFFECTS OF CONFLICT IN ORGANIZATION Conflict in organization has some advantages and few disadvantages if it is not managed. In organization many participants think conflict should be avoided and they often see conflicts are always destructive and it should be eliminated. But in reality it is a limited view, because it is seen that all type of conflict are not destructive, some may result productive and some may nonproductive outcomes. But some participant views on conflicts is positive, they think conflict should be manage effectively and need to search the different ways to results the constructive outcome. Advantage: Conflict produces many benefits; first one, because of it people emotionally aroused with full potential to search and to find better approaches by comparing different approaches which may be useful for get better and desired results. It helps them to boost their creativity and improves their ability for developing new ideas. Thus helps them to experiment different way to achieve the goal. And second benefit is problem can be confronted and solved, so that conflict can be brought to the surface. Disadvantages: Conflict also produces disadvantages if it is not manages properly in time, and many leads to bad results. It also raises many problems like, people may focus on personal issues, they may not cooperate properly which increases stress and people may feel fear of defeating this directly reduces their confidence and motivation level. So it is very important to manage conflict in time. Manager should be aware of conflict and its outcomes and he should apply appropriate conflict resolution strategies, when they found conflict affecting to achieve the goal. Let us see some positive and negative outcome of conflict in working place: According to a survey, many practicing managers spend approximately 20 percent of their time to deal with conflict situation in working environment. Schmidt records some positive and negative outcomes of conflict. (NEWSTROM, W. 2007. Organizational Behaviour: Human Behavior at Work. 2Th edn. Singapore: McGraw-Hill/Irwin) Positive outcome include: ?Good generation of new ideas ?People try for different and new approaches ?Long-standing problems in any matter can be resolve ?Opportunities for individual views clarification ?It improves creativity and interest of participates ?It gives opportunities for individuals to test their abilities and capacities. Negative outcomes include: ?People fe el fear of defeating and demeaned manner ?Ineffective communication increases the distance between people ? Mistrust and suspicion among the people People concentrate on own interest rather than organization goal ? Reduction in cooperation which effect the teamwork ?And employee turnover increases. CONFLICT OUTCOMES: Conflict in organization may produce four possible outcomes depending on approaches chosen by participates involved. They are as follows: 1. lose-lose 2. Lose-win 3. Win-lose 4. Win-win Participant’s intentions and chosen strategies are the result of conflict outcomes. There are many different conflict resolution strategies developed in the history, but this different strategies designed for participate ntention. CONFLICT RESOLUTION STRATEGIES: There are five possible conflict resolution strategies available, participant can select any strategy as he need and apply them to reduce/remove the conflict. By using appropriate strategy it is possible to achieve predict able outcome. These strategies are different from each other, they are basically representing different concerns for one’s own desired outcome and for another’s result. These five strategies are as follows: Avoiding- In this conflict is avoided physically and mentally, this approach expects less positive outcome and hence reflects a low concern for either party’s outcomes. Thus it results in lose – lose situation. Smoothing- In this strategy depending on the other party’s interests problems are accommodate. This strategy approach focuses on one’s own detriment by emphasizing on concerns for others which resulting in a lose-win outcome. Forcing- This strategy is depends on using power tactics to achieve the desired goal to win. It depends on authority and aggressiveness in order to attain personal goals at the expense of the concern for the other party. This type of strategy result in a win-lose situation. Compromising- This strategy help to compromise own desires and thought by giving up something to gain something else willingly. It results with no clear-cut outcome. Confronting- This is one kind of strategy which helps to focus conflict directly and solve it by mutual understanding to work it through to a satisfactory resolution. This strategy helps to maximize the chances of achieving both party goals which resulting in a win-win outcome. This strategies are effective can be chosen to win or lose by the participants. It helps to control the conflict and save the time to achieve the goal by reducing adverse harmful effects of conflicts. Avoiding and smoothing approaches are help to manage the conflict and the use of forcing approach may achieve short term goal but fail to achieve stated goal. Compromising approach help to solve conflict but always desired goals cannot be achieved. Confronting approach is the effective strategy which solve conflict problem by facing directly by mutual understanding, hence chance of win-win outcome is more when compare to any other strategy. CONCLUSION: Organization are dynamic entities, which is continously changing its internal and external environments, to develop congruousness among the people, process and structure. As discussed contemporary perspectives on conflict, tell that conflict cannot be put on end to a state in organizational life. Conflict is dynamic activity that help us to emphasize on process, meaning, and variety of procedures and relationships. I think understanding conflict help us to better understanding about organization if it is in. If there is a Conflict in any organization it help scholars and reasearchers to give insight understanding more about culture, power, change, development and other significant phenomenon in organization. Conflict may help to see the things in a new way, it help to promote different analysis, clarification in goals, increases energies, give chance for alternatives and changes, and complex problem can be solved. If conflict manage effectively it protect the organisation. Conflict enlighten the concept of rationality, which help better understanding and analyzing of organizational behavior. Organizational conflict are not evil, and in fact there is no need to eliminate it, but it should be manage properly for enhancing individuals, groups, and organizational effectiveness. It is a phenomenon, just it can be constructive or destructive effects on organization, but it completely depends on how it is managed by the management. Conflicts can be dysfunctional when people are not able to tolerate it, and the reason may be rigidity of the organization structure which gives fewer opportunities to changes. This may be because of ignorance of the participants who not give importance and ready to change any time when required. So we can say that organization conflict may be because of ignorance, intolerance, vested interests, intolerant and rigidity. As discussed earlier conflict is not necessarily a bad thing, it is can be seen as a ‘constructive’ force and in certain circumstances and it can be welcomed or even encouraged. It helps improving organization design and functioning and to the decision-making process which help to adapt internal and external changes. If conflict identified and managed properly, it can help reduce the destructive influences in the organization. Organization ducation in subjects like Human Relation, Human Resource Management or Development, and Industrial Relations tell that conflict can be managed and its management is very important. And literature tells that how acknowledgement of conflict and its significant in the organization. So we can say that all type of conflicts are not bad, and it is always not necessary to remove, left, or ignore the conflict in the org anizational life but it should be manage properly so that it help for survival of the organization without any effect on organization goals. Now I can say that conflict leads to change, change leads to adaptation, and adaptation leads to survival. REFERENCES: 1. ANDERSON KYPRIANOU. 1994. Effective Organizational Behaviour. edn. Oxford: Blackwell 2. BUCHANAN HUCZYNSKI. 2010. Organizational Behaviour. 7th edn. England: Pearson Education Ltd 3. BUTLER ROSE. 2011. Introduction to Organisational Behaviour. edn. London: CIPD House 4. CLEGG HARDY. 1999. Studying Organization: Theory method. 1st edn. London: SAGE 5. FINCHAM RHODES, 2005. Principles of Organizational Behaviour. 4th edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press Inc. , New York 6. KATZ KAHN. 1966. The Social Psychology of Organizations. edn. USA: John Wiley Sons 7. MULLINS, J. 2010. Management Organisational Behaviour. 9th edn. England: Pearson Education Ltd 8. NEWSTROM DAVIS. 2002. Organizational Behaviour: Human Behavior At Work . 11th edn. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin 9. NEWSTROM, W. 2007. Organizational Behaviour: Human Behavior at Work. 12Th edn. Singapore: McGraw-Hill/Irwin 10. ROBBINS, P. 1983. Organization Theory: The Structure and Design of Organisations. edn. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall How to cite Conflicts in Work Place, Papers

Eazy

Eazy-E Essay Eric Eazy-E Wright A Life Interrupted By: Taylor Evans Born September 7, 1963, Eric Eazy-E Wrights early reputation on the streets of Compton, California, was a hustler eager to apply his street knowledge to his legitimate game. He dropped out of high school in the tenth grade, but refused that to interrupt his success. In the late `80s he turned to rap music. Along with Ice Cube, Dr. Dre, DJ Yella, and M.C. Ren established the most successful and controversial rap group in history. As N.W.A, they blasted police cruelty and challenged the establishment. They eventually took their message of inner-city struggle to millions of fans worldwide. As a soloist, Eazys career was even more incredible. He launched Compton/Ruthless Records in 1987 and by 1988 had two hit acts-JJ. Fad and Michelle. During the summer of the same year, N.W.As Straight Outta Compton LP frightened the media into labeling the group gangsters. This was a label the group wore and exploited with such force that by the t ime Eazy released his solo project Eazy-Duz-It that fall, the stage of musical funk and lyrical fight had long been set. Boyz-N-The-Hood , We Want Eazy, Eazy-Duz-It. His voice fueled a legion of hits. In the early `90s, he joined other West Coast rappers, including M.C. Hammer, Ice T, Tone-Loc, and Young MC, in a stop the violence campaign led by the single Were All In The Same Gang. With N.W.A, Eazy broke down all the doors of mass exposure previously closed to rap music. Attempts to rock the young musicians foundation were generally useless. Arrests for performing N.W.As biggest hit F*** The Police, and other attempts at censorship only helped pave the way for his success. By the time the group had released its last album, Efil4zaggin, in 1991, they had sold more than six million records. As a businessman, Eazy had built a solid commodity with his Ruthless Records label. Some of his more famous signings were: Above The Law, Bone- Thugs-N-Harmony, and D.O.C. His ability to promote and market these acts was on the strength of his radio show, Ruthless Radio Show. As an on-air personality, Eazy gave his audience tickets to his performances, talked to fans, and also became more famous with the young black Americans. Few really knew the man behind the scenes. His charitable nature benefited such organizations as Athletes and Entertainers For Kids, United Colors, and the Make A Wish Foundation. By the time he was thirty, Eazy had survived a swirl of controversy. His We Want Eazy lyrics had come to life with everything from his age to his political devotion. However, he continued to sell records to his million-plus fan base. Even a conspiracy to assassinate him, left Eazy with only an even stronger urge to reunite the original members of N.W.A. Unfortunately, part of that goal wasnt realized. Eric Wright died Sunday, March 26, in Los Angeles from complications with AIDS. With only his family at his bedside, he released a statement saying that he had full-blown AIDS and warned others of the dangers of multiple sex partners. Yet another message to his always loyal fans. Months later, on the weekend that would have been his thirty-second birthday, KKBT/The Beat canceled its regular Saturday and Sunday night programming in order to broadcast a two-hour special on the life and times of one of hip-hops most influential figures. Once again, Eazys voice came to life, as it always had on record, and as it always will to those who remember the legacy of a man who refused to be broken.

The Oakum Room by Theresa Tomlinson Essay Example

The Oakum Room by Theresa Tomlinson Paper The Oakum Room is a short story by Theresa Tomlinson that portrays the harsh and degrading conditions faced by female workhouse employees in a workhouse for the disadvantaged. The writer is able to depict the cruel and disgusting manner in which the workers are treated by her use of imagery and word choice, and in this essay, I intend to discuss these techniques. Tomlinson chooses to use a first-person narrative as a way of making the story more personal, as if the protagonist, Susan, is confiding in us. The use of this personal touch helps us learn more about Susan, in the way she depicts others and the storys events. The first example of this is the onomatopoeia with which she describes Mrs Hansons shoes slap the floor. The reader immediately becomes uncomfortable with the presence of Mrs Hanson (the administrator of the workhouses harsh regime), as the connotations of the word slap suggests violence and her desire for control. The writer chooses to repeat the word to illustrate the power held over the women by their oppressor. The protagonists recognition of the quick step of Mrs Hanson suggests she has already been given a reason to fear her. We will write a custom essay sample on The Oakum Room by Theresa Tomlinson specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Oakum Room by Theresa Tomlinson specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Oakum Room by Theresa Tomlinson specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When Mrs Hanson enters the oakum room, she chooses to address the workers while on the raised dais. The writer does this to imply the way Mrs Hanson feels above the workers and looks down on them, both metaphorically and (by choice) literally. This is evident when Mrs Hanson orders: Put down your work. This command clearly shows Mrs Hansons position over the workers. This short statement is quickly obeyed, even though the women were never told to stop their work: another signal of the absolute authority held by Mrs Hanson and the harsh regime the women are forced to work under. When the women receive a break to eat, they are poorly fed as their meals merely consist of potatoes and a thin liquor that they called gravy. The meal seems even poorer in quality and quantity when contrasted with the extremely heavy amounts of work the women are expected to do. When the workers are told of the reason they have been told to stop work, a murmur of suppressed excitement flew around the room. This tells the reader two things: the use of the term suppressed excitement suggests they feel the need to hide their happy emotions from Mrs Hanson; another sign of her power over them. It also shows the womens dependence on others and a sign of their desperation. They feel excited due to a farmers interest in finding a wife from the oakum room: a proposition that Mrs Hanson describes as most fortunate for the women. The womens desperation is depicted even more clearly when they argue frantically over who should use the one comb the workgroup possess. The author does well to present the women as individuals through her use of dialogue and description whereas Mrs Hanson attempts to rob them of all of their individuality and personal qualities. The gingham smock worn by all the women has been used to demoralise them and make them feel cheap and helpless. Although the women find it difficult under the brutal conditions, they are still able to form strong bonds and a sense of loyalty as a group. There is a strong sense of friendship amongst the women, proven when each worker says they hope the other gets picked. The writer creates gruesome images in the readers mind when describing the removal of sharp particles from red and raw hands. The alliteration here emphasises the extent of the womens suffering. Tomlinson describes the womens skin as: tough like the skin of a beast. This simile is used to convey the dehumanisation of the workforce, who have been forced to change over time, due to the difficult conditions faced as a worker in the oakum room. The workhouse is described as charitable on many occasions by Mrs Hanson. This seems to have been used as an ironic comment by the author who does not believe them to be charitable at all, but a hypocritical and dishonest organisation that exploits vulnerable women. The women are soon lined up like the cattle that he farms in front of their potential husband and Mrs Hanson goes through the qualities and defects of each of the women as if they are not women but dumb animals, unable to comprehend her callous remarks. This is evident when she describes a young woman by saying: She has a young child over at the infants ward. Father unknown, of course still, proof of childbearing. Her brutal and unfeeling words convey the idea that she is fully aware of the feeling that Jarrotson has lined these women up to choose one of them as he would an animal, with no regard for their feelings or emotions. Mr Jarrotson, the farm worker choosing a wife, is described by the author as an ugly and contemptible individual. The fat man of about fifty with small grey eyes openly looks in disgust at the women, choosing not to treat them as human beings, as his cheeks become flushed with enjoyment when he humiliates the workers. This vivid use of word choice clearly conveys his lecherous and disdainful attitude towards the helpless workers. This causes the women to make themselves as unappealing to Mr Jarrotson as possible, in an attempt not to be forced to live with Mr Jarrotson. This shows the reader that the women would rather be working in the treacherous and difficult oakum room together, than be left to marry the farm worker, without the support of each other. Mrs Hanson becomes furious as they continue down the line and she feels her domination and iron control of her workers slipping away. When they reach Polly in the line, it is obvious she possesses meek and humble qualities that Mr Jarrotson finds appealing: he smiles in relief then reaches out and grips her shoulder. The use of the term grip suggests that Polly feels uncomfortable with the contact made by Mr Jarrotson, she does not want to fall into his clutches, and as a result, lashes out, biting his hand. Pollys extreme behaviour here conveys the way in which the writer believes that the women have been treated as animals: they have therefore begun to act as animals. Mrs Hansons humiliation is clear to see as her face glows red with anger. Two women are called to restrain the unresisting Polly, one bearing a strait-jacket, used to symbolise the way in which the women are trapped in the oakum room with no other option in life. The workers are screamed at, and described as disgrace[s] to their charitable benefactors. Again, the writer uses this term to suggest the complete opposite: the organisation is not charitable, but harsh and degrading. The great entrance that consists of high porches and columns and ornate clocks is clearly there for show: an attempt to portray a prestigious and worthy charitable organisation, whereas the working conditions are poor; all of the available money has been spent on the picture painted for the outside world rather than the protection and safety of their workers. The story ends with the women returning slowly and quietly to the oakum room, right back where they started, to face more harsh treatment, knowing that they have made no progress in their position as workers. I believe this depressing image of their crushed defeated footsteps is described purposely to convey the womens inability to rebel due to their lack of options in life. The women are clearly in a desperate situation already, and this is the reason they choose to remain in these unrelenting and depressing conditions. In this short story, Theresa Tomlinson uses vivid and memorable language to depict a situation in which terrible and inhumane conditions have brought out the best in a group of people. The unity and loyalty the women show towards each other, is something we think of as admirable, and her story emphasises the idea that it seems ironic that this type of relationship was caused by such poor and vicious treatment. There are points throughout the story where the women admit that they wouldnt have managed if [they] hadnt had each other. This shows a feeling of their strong bond which persists despite Mrs Hansons efforts to crush their human spirit. In this short story, Theresa Tomlinson creates a stark contrast between the way in which the poor were treated in Victorian times and the way the poor are treated today. The themes in this short story of courage and dignity in the face of brutality clearly emphasise that people nowadays seem to be developing more respect towards each other as individuals; people nowadays are, thankfully, much more conscious of the way their actions affect others.

20 Growing Companies That Are Hiring NOW

20 Growing Companies That Are Hiring NOW Do you want to get in on the ground floor of a company that’s likely to leave its mark- whether on an industry or the entire world? Here are 20Â  fantastic companies that are poised to do just that- and, what luck, are hiring right now. 1. AccoladeAccolade is revolutionizing the healthcare industry by improving patient experiences and lowering costs through technology and engagement efforts. The more they grow, the more people they can help. So get in while they’re looking to expand!2. Phoenix EnergyIf you live in NYC or near enough to work there, try this company that provides New Yorkers with sustainable energy management solutions. Their aim is a sustainable energy future, so they’ve got nothing to do but grow. They want to reduce 10 million pounds of CO2 every month. If you’re passionate about sustainability and energy alternatives, look no further.3. OracleThis California based tech company offers comprehensive cloud services, applications, and syste ms.4. AmazonAmazon is a market beast- and only growing larger and more dominant. They’re based in Seattle, but because they’re always growing, they are always hiring.5. DiaCoAround 65% of women in the United States are above size 14. The two women who founded DiaCo thought this massive share of the market was being underserved and decided to do something about it. If you’re passionate about body positivity, self-acceptance, and style, this could be a gig for you.6. SynapseWork with clients all over the world on product development. Synapse has a hands-off management style and an environment that’s open and strives always for innovation.7. SensibillHelp Sensibill change the way people manage their finances by helping to improve mobile banking apps and other services. Every employee here is encouraged to engage not just with their own tasks, but with the larger vision and goals of this growing company.8. BizzaboHelp organizers world-wide to organize success ful events. This company has a very empowering leadership style and a super convivial work environment- and helps people around the globe make a bigger impact with their events.9. OfferUpThis company helps connect local buyers and sellers through a simple app, encouraging peer-to-peer commerce. And they have big plans for expansion.10. GallupConsult with leaders and decision-makers across a wide range of industries by helping them to understand the needs and thoughts of the world’s citizens- right from their office. They empower team members to be the best they can be, so that they can give the best information to their clients and positively impact millions of people around the world.11. NextivaThis company started in 2008 and has been steadily inclining since, all while preserving the start-up ambiance employees there love. They outfit businesses with cloud communications and other tools to help revolutionize business communications.12. Fetch RoboticsThe future is robotics. This company is building the future, one bolt at a time. Get in with this venture-backed Silicon Valley start-up and help revolutionize the way that work is done- all in a laid back, collaborative atmosphere.13. ZapposZappos has over 1,500 employees and is still growing! They aim simply to make online shopping more and more user-friendly. If you like shopping, this could be the gig for you.14. Knot StandardA custom clothing platform with six global showrooms and a web store, this is another company that’s maintaining its start-up mentality through its rapid growth. Employees are quite motivated and feel a part of successes and very much in the loop.15. Area 1 SecurityCyber attacks are a huge threat to business so companies that focus on cybersecurity are in prime position to grow- and rapidly. This one boasts a fast-paced culture and a trusting management style- and these jobs will never run out.16. Beauty CounterThis company is shaking up the beauty industry, and they call themselves a beauty movement. If you’re passionate about high-performing products and health, this could be the company for you.17. Sneak Attack MediaWork in digital promotions and creative services for music and lifestyle brands. This company started in an East Village basement and has grown- and their mission is to keep growing. It’s a pretty cool place to work as well, stocked with healthy snacks and chill music for an awesome vibe.18. LithiumThis company is changing the way customer service works, by creating social platforms to connect customers to each other in communities. Employees are enthusiastic and there’s lots of room to grow.19. Korn FerryThis company is a global advisory form, helping leaders and organizations to harness the full potential of their people. Based in Dallas, TX, they expanded rapidly and are continuing to grow.20. Summit Information ResourcesSummit has growth firmly in mind, for the company and for individual employees. The emphasis is on the team and professional development in general as they work to help businesses build relationships with their customers with quality network, hardware, and server equipment.These are great companies to work for. But in order to be hired, you need to make sure that your resume format is optimized and positions you in a way that gives you an advantage over the competition. Once you do that, you’ll be able to go in and knock their socks off!

Analyse the concepts of 'culture shock' and 'cultural adjustment' and Essay - 1

Analyse the concepts of 'culture shock' and 'cultural adjustment' and critically assess some possible consequences of th - Essay Example A culture may be thought of a network of shared meanings, which are easily taken as reality by those interacting within network. This view of culture upholds that a community of people is likely to create a general representation obtained from their shared experiences and then embrace these pre-set classes as background or setting against which incoming experiences are translated. People endeavor to structure the external world by corresponding external stimuli against internal theoretical patterns. After such a match is made, an individual is in a position to assign meaning to an outside event. If a match cannot be made, an individual may feel disoriented, frustrated or afraid. People with diverse cultures will see the world differently since they have been carefully sensitized to certain assortments of stimuli. An individual may not knowingly be conscious to the specific patterns of meanings assumed if he/she is interacting with people sharing the same view, because reality is take n for granted. It is through contact with people who view the world in a different perspective that one becomes aware of the cultural patterns he/she is embracing. It is from the movement and the interaction across cultures that the aspect of cultural shock comes about (Nelson et al, 2011, p 164). Culture shock is the distress experienced by a sojourner as an upshot of losing all the recognizable signs and symbol of social interaction, as well as their substitution with by other cues that are strange. The move to a new environment is a traumatic life event when sojourners have to cope with substantial culture change. The reason is that conflicts associated to the divergences in rules, values and meanings between the two cultures will be unavoidable. In other words, an individual may be so unfamiliar with the host surroundings that he/she has no guidance as to what, when and how to do (Cameron, 2010, p 3). People of certain occupations likely to be affected by culture shock are such as foreign students and intellectuals, teachers, business executives (expatriates), migrant workers, Peace Corps volunteers and social workers. Oberg highlighted six elements of culture shock. One is strain as a result of the effort needed to make essential psychological adaptations. Second is the sense of loss and feelings of deficiency with regards to profession, status, friends and possessions. The third element of culture shock entails being rejected and/or rejecting members of new cultures. Fourthly is the confusion in terms of role, role expectations, feelings, self identity and values. Fifthly is the anxiety, surprise and even disgust and resentment, after becoming cognizant of cultural differences. The last aspect is the feeling of helplessness as a result of the inability to handle the new environment. When living in a new environment, a student or sojourner goes through the following stages of cultural adjustment (Becker & Bhugra, 2005, p 18). Source: Becker & Bhugra, 2005 , 19 Honeymoon This is the initial stage that a sojourner experiences at the commencement of the contact. The stage is characterized by fascination, euphoria, excitement and enthusiasm. Travelers experience positive attitude as similarities are considered as comfort, whilst differences are observed with interest. Crisis/hostility/ irritation This is the culture shock stage that is

Case4 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case4 - Article Example This happens even despite the fact that the author made that amount of money in a short period of time. The issue of income averaging does not work in favor of the people who receive payment in large lump sum payout. This is because a tax rate of certain number of years would produce a total tax bill void of present value considerations with more than fifty percent of marginal rates. Introduction of the income splitting with joint returns in 1948 meant that the overall difference between the tax on the lump sum payment in five year distribution with income splitting amounts to over fifty percent of the money to be paid with the lump sum tax of more than two percent the amount of the smaller tax bill. The case is relevant to the American federal income tax system in the sense that it talks about the impacts of high marginal rates with enormous progressivity. Therefore, in order to ensure fairness, the federal income tax system need to introduce income splitting and averaging provisions in the tax policy, and lowering the marginal rates as well as decreasing the number of brackets. Just like my colleague Robert referred to Mikesell’s work that splitting the income in the five year phase would lessen the tax load from $85,092 to $48,213, I agree that this would be a big step in adjusting the federal income tax system operations. For example, altering the dollar amount would act as an effective way of lessening the marginal rate from approximately 84.55% to 56.05%. To revise the tax code, income averaging can be considered to promote compliance with the current tax system, which depends on the corporation of citizens to pay the shares. These measures ensure that individuals a re not taxed heavily since their taxes are calculated on the present value of their

Security sciences Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Security sciences - Assignment Example With considerations on the encryptions and capability of the single web-based C&C server, the application could be effective to track the bots that are present in a Java PHP. The same server requires a design in that it is able to receive reports that come from the bots and ensure the provision of instructions to the bots such as sleep, spam, and scan. The bot application requires a designed that enables it to work effectively under Java with the capabilities to facilitate deployment on the Linux hosts and report to its respective C&C. An additional capability of the botnet application under Java is to sniff traffic that has significance to any internet hacker. Question 2 The Rootkit is in a design that conceals the presence of certain procedures from normal detection processes that permits the consistency within fortunate access to a computer. By the time one discovers the Rootkit attack, it is appropriate that he or she distinguishes the degree of the attack before clean up. One ha s to presume the cumulative network transactions all hosts in the network within the compromise timeframe. The best approach is to conduct a recovery and prevent any possible attacks in future. Question 3 The Man-in-the Middle is an attack that cuts off the communication present within two dissimilar systems. Through the application of diversified techniques, the attacker has the capability to separate the original TCP into two secondary connections. One of the connections is present between clients with the attacker, while the alternative connection exists with the server. The moment a TCP connection experiences any interruptions, the attacker is able to take the proxy position with the ability to read, insert, plus, modify information via the cut off communication. Question 4 A browser security is an application designed for web browsers to use in internet security for safeguarding of networked data. There are beaches of malware that have the ability to interrupt with the computer system as an individual browses the internet. Hackers with intentions to exploit the security for a browser often use JavaScript. The Browser security is responsible for preventions on security exploits that are majorly after advantage of a user’s vulnerability that is achievable through almost all browsers. Question 5 DLP stands for Data Loss Prevention that is useful in the assistance of an organization to develop a plan towards the transfer in both virtual and cloud environment. The Data Loss Prevention is effective in the provision of control with visibility in an organization’s infrastructure. The Data Loss Prevention offers an organization the ability to enforce information control. This is evident through runtimes where the DLP implements are obligatory to enterprises and cloud suppliers alike to secure sensitive information within the virtual and cloud surrounding. Other necessary applications of the DLP include monitoring and verification of data within a com puter network. Question 6 I would consider the implementation of Snort given the fact that it is an open source network responsible for the security against intrusion detection systems. Most organizations are always at risk of intrusion with knowledge of employees accessing several websites that could provide access by hackers. Snort is essential since it comprises the reimbursement of signature, protocol, with anomaly-based inspections. Question 7 The SYN flood attack sends the TCP link requests quicker as

Causes and Effects of Gravity

Causes and Effects of Gravity Ahmed Emad Hassab Elnabi Gravitational Force â€Å"’You may hate gravity, but gravity doesnt care.’ Clayton Christensen†. This Harvard teacher was directing this quotation to students like me because it is a force that cannot be viewed. Gravity is a field force exerted by an object to attract another object towards its center. In a simplified manner, it is an intangible, non-contact force that cannot be seen, but is existent between all objects. Gravitational force in a mathematical perspective is the mass of an object multiplied by gravitational acceleration. It is one of the fundamental forces of the universe that maintains planets, solar systems and galaxies. In the last couple of centuries, gravity became understood through Galileo, Brahe, Kepler, Newton and Einstein. Before the last 300 years, some only superficially understood gravity and others neglected the concept of having a field. In ancient times, civilizations believed that the skies and systems were held by divine power. Over they years, loads of scientists and philosophers tried to explain such a ‘magical’ phenomenon. In 1610, Galileo created a modern telescope. He used it to observe different planets’ behaviors. He focused on Earth and Venus; consequently he realized that they both revolve around the sun in a similar pattern. Therefore, he concluded that there’s a force that causes this spectacle. In the same time existed Kepler and Brahe. Kepler used Brahe’s astronomical data to conclude that planets revolve around the sun in an elliptical motion and that Earth has the same orbits around the sun; thus, he discovered that gravity creates seasons. Then, came the father of physics and creator of laws of motion, Isaac Newton. He was one of the first to ex plain the theory of mutual interaction, through his law of Universal Gravitation. It states that any and every two bodies in the universe attract each other with a force directly proportional to their masses and inversely proportion to the square of the distance between them. Thus objects like Newton’s apple is pulled to the earth and vice versa; the earth and planets are pulled towards the sun and vice versa. Finally, Albert Einstein, who is the most renounced genius, proposed a new theory. He said that gravity is the result of space and time being bent, general theory of relativity. He also theorized that enormous masses alter space and time because they deflect light, thus creating gravity. Skeptics denounced his theory, but time proved this theory right when astronauts went to space and found out that a clock is quicker away from earth. There are many misconceptions about gravity because there are many different explanations to it. First, people think that gravitational force doesn’t exist between humans, but it does exist between every object in the universe. However, the gravitational pull by earth is much stronger than the force exerted by humans because of its huge mass. Second, some thinks that gravity occurs through a mixture of gases, the air. However, gravity occurs between planets and suns, where there is no air, vacuum. Third some think that gravitational acceleration (a=f/m) in free-fall decreases because of the force of gravity of other objects. However, air pressure causes this occurrence but gravitational acceleration is constant at 9.81 m/s. Fourth, people claim that we are supposed to be pulled to mars or the moon also. On the other hand, they don’t take into consideration the factor of distance and that earth is we are too far from the moon or mars. Fifth, some say that there is no gra vitational force between Pluto and Earth. This is not true because gravitational force exists between all the objects in the universe. No matter how minute it can be, it is never zero. Sixth, a person might claim that his mass changes on the moon, but mass is constant; it is weight that changes depending on the gravitational pull. Seventh, one would think that we must be pulled to the Earth’s core since that is stated in Newton’s law of universal gravity. However, Newton also said in his third law that the Earth’s floor has an equal and opposing force to the gravitational force. Finally, one could claim that there is no gravitational force exerted on bacteria since they float. This statement is false because its mass is insignificant, gravitational force exerted by Earth on them is very small that it seemingly doesn’t affect them. Gravity has a very strange nature since Isaac Newton and Albert Einstien explained it in different ways. They both agreed on some fundamentals. First of all, Gravity is a field force because it is a contact force that occurs without objects physically touching. For example, the Earth pulls a ball towards the ground without touching it. Moreover, they both agreed that gravity is of extreme importance, in which it holds planets in solar systems and solar systems in galaxies. Isaac Newton theorized that gravity is the tendency of an object to be pulled towards the center of another object. Newton proposed the equation that the force of gravity equates to the mass of an object multiplied by the gravitational acceleration. On the other hand, Albert Einstein explained gravity as the bend in space and time created by a huge mass, so other objects that come near, fall in the dip or orbit in one of the levels of the dip. He proposed the equation of the gravitational force equates to the gravi tational constant multiplied by mass of object one times the mass of object two, all divided by the square of the radius. One other point that all scientists that understood gravity agreed on is that the range of gravity is infinite. There are many misconceptions about its range because the thought of infinite is tough for all humans. However, there is a force of gravity between any two masses. For example gravity exists on an atomic level and on a intergalactic level. There is an infinite amount of uses of gravity. On Earth, it keeps humans, animals and plants in the atmosphere stuck to the Earth’s surface. Also, gravity plays an important role in maintaining our spine’s shape because its God given strength is just right to neither make the spine neither rough nor soft. Furthermore, gravity keeps the Earth at a certain distance form the sun, so we would have suitable weather conditions to survive. Also, it pulls rain and flowing water downwards for us to drink water. Finally, it has a huge effect on the macro-organisms. Gravity keeps moons around their planets, planets around their stars; it keeps all systems in their galaxies and keeps galaxies in their clusters. Therefore, we have passed through many stages to understand such a strange phenomenon. Many scientists and thinkers had their say like Newton and Einstein. They proposed different theories but all had the same fundamental, which is that gravity observed everywhere we look; it can be clearly seen on a macro-level, but it is existent between everything in the universe. Finally, there are many applications and misconceptions of gravity because of its unbounded nature. As Albert Einstein once said, â€Å"Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow. The important thing is not to stop questioning.† This is the scientist’s code, which explains the constant advancements in science, chemistry and physics, and it will infinitely continue as people continue trying to ask the right questions. Works cited Chapter 5. Cohen Physics 131. N.p.: Cohen, n.d. N. pag. Print. http://www.esu.edu/physics/cohen/phys131/textbook/cohen_ch5.pdf> Gravitational Force. Gravitational Force. PHY, n.d. Web. 19 Nov.2013. http://www.phy.syr.edu/courses/tutorials/FreeBody/Gravity/Gravitational.Force.html>. History of Gravity. History of Gravity. WISC, n.d. Web. 19 Nov. 2013. http://www.physics.wisc.edu/museum/Exhibits-1/Mechanics/GravPit/index_HistGrav-2.html>. Thompson, Hobbie, and Sarah Havern. Gravity. Gravity. Stanford, n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2013. http://www.stanford

Edgar Allan Poe’s Tale of the Ragged Mountains and Lovecraft’s The Outs

Edgar Allan Poe’s Tale of the Ragged Mountains and Lovecraft’s The Outsider Both Edgar Allan Poe and H.P. Lovecraft were known for their tales of horror, shocking discoveries and mysterious characters. Lovecraft was known to have mimicked Poe’s style in his popular horror stories of the early 20th century. Poe, one of the most famous writers of short stories and poems in the 19th century, amazed readers with his rich descriptions and chilling plots. Neither disappoint in two of their stories: Poe’s â€Å"Tale of the Ragged Mountains† and Lovecraft’s â€Å"The Outsider.† Although these are not the most famous of each authors’ works, scholars often debate over the meaning and themes of each story. One common theme in both the stories is the shocking discovery made by the characters. In â€Å"The Outsider,† the narrator discovers his true identity by glancing into a mirror as he explores his new world. â€Å"A Tale of the Ragged Mountains† tells both of Bedloe’s discovery of the simila rity of Oldeb’s past to his own, as well as the narrator’s discovery of who Bedloe might actually be, himself. The common thread between the two lies in those discoveries, and also in the entrance of each to a new, foreign world; however their personal reactions to their respective discoveries are very different. In his â€Å"Outsider,† H.P. Lovecraft tells the story of a man who lives in a dark, musty world, void of any light. His entire knowledge comes from the thousands of books that line the dark wet castle he inhabits. Since he has never seen another person, he can only imagine the human language or what he himself looks like. After scaling a tall tower, he stumbles into a world above his, on a night with a clear moon. His joy i... ...ered the writer and his style. Their similarities are common in many of their stories. The themes of these two works are no exception, and share many mutual points, despite the plot differences. Works Cited Lovecraft, Howard Phillips. â€Å"The Outsider.† H.P. Lovecraft Library. 1921. 6 Nov. 2002 . Mosig, Dirk W. â€Å"The Four Faces of The Outsider.† Discovering H.P. Lovecraft. Ed. Darrell Schweitzer. Mercer Island, Washington: Starmont House, 1987. Philippon, Daniel J. â€Å"Poe in the Ragged Mountains: environmental history and Romantic aesthetics.† Southern Literary Journal 30.2 (1998): 1-16. Poe, Edgar Allan. â€Å"A Tale of the Ragged Mountains.† 1844. Rev. 29 Jun. 1999. http://www.literature.org/authors/poe-edgar-allan/atale.html (15 Nov. 2002). PID 6754 Marlow Engl.12.05 1

Campaign Objectives

The secondary objective of this campaign is to raise funds to further research into the cause of cancer in young children. The campaign will call for donations to fund research grants, facilitate research hospitals, and fund cancer programs to aid in conquering this disease. The donations will be the main source of funding for these programs and will be distributed accordingly to the appropriate destinations to ensure that nothing is squandered and that the cause will move forward.Tertiary Objective The tertiary objective of this campaign is to move the government of Canada o aid those who are suffering from children's brain cancer and to support the research of children's brain cancer as strongly as it does other cancers. Brain cancer is one of the rarest and most deadly forms of cancer, yet it does not receive hardly as much support as it should from the government, which funds research to other, more common forms of cancer.Conclusion Singling out the target audience and giving the m a message that they cannot ignore, as well as educating the general population as well can achieve these objectives. This campaign is about raising awareness and generating action, both of which will help to further push the movement to discover what causes brain cancer in young children and to eradicate it once and for all, for all generations. Primary Target Add mince The primary audience that this campaign will look to reach is males and females aged 25+ who have been affected by children's brain cancer, either within their own family or someone that they know.This is the age group that is beginning to take notice of important issues that are taking place currently, and are able to actively participate in helping certain causes that are close to them. People in this age group are also either know of people who are starting a family, beginning families of their own, or already have a family (children, nephews, etc. ). This will be a strong motivating factor for them to actively participate in this campaign.The primary target contains both males and females, as this message is for everyone to hear and participate. This target have part time jobs and are able to contribute monetarily if they feel obligated too, but they also love to share things with other people in their social media circles. This will be important to further expand the message of the campaign. This target audience is in contact with various forms of advertising every day and is kept up to date by different forms of social media as to what people in their social circles are talking about.This is an important vehicle for information to be shared and the best way to reach this demographic. There is no distinction between race, gender, sexual orientation, religion, or culture. This is an issue that does not see any of these things and neither will the campaign to end it. There is such a diverse population in Canada that everyone in some way is affected and everyone can make a difference. Prima ry Demographic Chart Characteristics Minimal Data Additional Data Age 25 + 70. % of Canada's total population Gender Male Education High School College university This target has completed high school and received at least one form of post secondary education or are currently enrolled Religion Various Race Principal Language Spoken English French Non-official Languages 59. 7% English 27. 6% French 12. 7% other Coco patio n Student Employed Retired The majority of this target group has graduated from high school and a post secondary institution and are either currently employed in their chosen field f study, or have retired from that field.Individual Income $0-$10,000 $1 0,oho + $0-10,000: Student working part-time $10,000 -F: Full and part-time workers Marital Status Single Married Living With Partner Common-Law Divorced/Separated Household Type With Children Without Children Nuclear Family Single Parents 9,389,700: The total number of families in Canada Type of Home unit Home Apart ment/Condo Residence (Dorm) Home Ownership Own Rent Monthly Rent Payments Monthly Mortgage Payments Home Location Nationwide Large Urban Centers Us burs Rural Areas Principal Shopper self Family MemberAudience As A Consumer Primary Audience Who They buy items for themselves as well as for their loved ones, family members, children, etc. What They purchase life's necessities; food, water, clothing etc. For themselves or for the people they live with. They purchase luxury items online, download movies and music wirelessly, and watch most of their television online They are aware of which brands are popular and make conscious decisions to purchase those brands They purchase items that are directly related to a cause that they are passionate about or that they feel need their support WhereThey buy their clothing either online or in specialty malls or outlets. They buy their food from various different grocery stores depending on their personal or household incomes They purchase other th ings they need for their homes at specific retailers specializing in those needs When They buy the necessities such as food when they deem it necessary (once a week, once every two weeks, etc) . They purchase expensive items when they can afford it They buy things according to specific holidays or events; birthdays, anniversaries, Christmas, etc.They make purchase from home online when hey can relax and not feel rushed, or when they have the time to physically go somewhere and buy, Why Some purchases are basic and are required for living Purchases are made on instinct when they are in need of a positive feeling or when they feel they deserve to splurge They purchase items where portions go to a cause they are sympathetic towards or believe can help make a difference. They purchase items to celebrate special occasions. How Debit and credit are the most common Cash is used when it is a smaller item or when they had the time to go to the bank and withdraw the necessary amount.Chirograp hy's Activities They are involved in social media They watch popular television shows and movies They work hard at their jobs They enjoy various leisure activities They enjoy spending time with loved ones They enjoy reading about the latest world news They ensure to spend time with their children They are health conscious Caring for a child with brain cancer Researching brain cancer and treatments Interests If they have them, their children Reading Social Media Technologically savvy High brand recognition Image conscious Their children's extracurricular activities Enjoys positive recognition Enjoys high priced commoditiesBeing part of a community World events Medical developments in the field of brain cancer Opinions Children are the future of the country Children should be nurtured and allowed to grow up to be healthy, normal adults Health Care should be more expansive Things are getting more and more expensive It is hard to make a good living now Cancer is a terrible issue and nee ds to be studied intensely Cancer in children is devastating Secondary Target Audience The secondary target audience that this campaign will reach is Canadians aged 25 + years of age who have never had any experience with children's rain cancer.These are people who have already established families and are in a position to assist in seeking an end to children's brain cancer. These Canadians may not have necessarily had any experience with children's brain cancer, but they know someone who has been affected by some form of cancer in their lifetime. They are aware of the devastation cancer can cause and have strong opinions and feelings about it. This target group is also composed of males and females (50/50), and aims to bring awareness and a call to action for those who do not have a personal experience with children's brain cancer.

How to Trace Your Family Tree in US Land Deeds

How to Trace Your Family Tree in US Land Deeds Most Americans owned at least some land prior to the twentieth century, making individual land records a treasure trove for genealogists. Deeds, legal records for transferring land or property from one individual to another, are the most prevalent and widely used of the U.S. land records, and can provide a fairly reliable method of tracking ancestors when no other record can be found. Deeds are relatively easy to locate and often provide a wealth of information on the family members, social status, occupation, and neighbors of the named individuals. Early land deeds are especially detailed and predate most other record sources, increasing the importance of land records the further back a researcher goes.   Why Land Deeds?Land records are an especially powerful genealogical resource, especially when used in conjunction with other records, for breaching brick walls or in building a case where no one record provides a record of relationship. Deeds are an important genealogical resource because: U.S. land deeds often involve more people than other genealogical sources - providing a potential source for information on family members, neighbors, and even friends. Land deeds help to locate a person in a particular area at a particular time. Deed books at the county courthouse are only copies of the original land deeds, so land records are especially useful in areas where a courthouse fire has destroyed most of the records prior to a certain date. Because property was valuable, most people would bring their original deeds back to the courthouse following a fire or other catastrophe so that they could be re-recorded.Deeds can be used to distinguish two men with identical names by locating one or both on a particular piece of property.Deeds that transfer property by will or estate may name all children and their spouses.Deeds, in conjunction with tax lists, can often help to reconstruct an entire neighborhood - making it easier to find potential migration patterns Deed versus GrantWhen researching land deeds it is important to understand the difference between a grant or patent, and a deed. A grant is the first transfer of a piece of property from some government entity into the hands of an individual, so if your ancestor acquired land by grant or patent then he was the original private land owner. A deed, however, is the transfer of property from one individual to another, and covers pretty much all land transactions following the original grant of land. Types of DeedsDeed books, records of property transfers for a particular county, are usually under the jurisdiction of the Registrar of Deeds and can be found at the local county courthouse. In the New England states of Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Vermont, land deeds are kept by the town clerks. In Alaska, deeds are registered at the district level and, in Louisiana, deed records are kept by the parish. Deed books contain records of a variety of land sales and transfers: Deed of SaleDeed of GiftStrawman SaleLease ReleaseMortgage SaleEstate Settlement Next How to Locate Land Deeds Land transfers between individuals, also known as deeds, are typically recorded in deed books. The original deed was retained by the land owner, but a full copy of the deed was recorded by the clerk in the deed book for the locality. Deed books are kept at the county level for most U.S. states, though in some areas they may be kept at the city or town level. If youre researching in Alaska, then the county-equivalent is known as a district, and in Louisiana, as a parish. The first step in searching for land deeds and deed indexes is to learn about the locality where your ancestors lived. Begin by asking yourself the following questions: Do land records exist for your area and time period of interest?What county had jurisdiction at the time period (the present-day county where the land is located may not have always had jurisdiction due to changing county boundaries)? Are deed records still in county custody or have they been moved to some other location?What is the county seat and what is the name of the deed office (Register of Deeds is the most common name used for the office)? Once you have determined where to search for land deeds, the next step is to search the deed indexes. This can be a bit more difficult than it sounds because different localities may have their deeds indexed in different formats and many deed indexes have not been computerized. Searching the IndexMost U.S. counties have a grantor index, otherwise known as a sellor index, of their land deeds. Most also have a grantee, or buyer, index. In cases where their is no grantee index, you must read wade through all of the entries in the seller index to locate the buyers. Depending upon the locality, a number of different seller and buyer indexes may be in use. The easiest ones to use are alphabetized lists which cover, in order of recording, all deeds recorded within a particular county. A variation on this type of deed index is a list indexed by first initial of the surnames within a selected period of time (about fifty years or more). All A surnames are grouped unalphabetized in the page order in which they are found, followed by all B surnames, and so on. Sometimes surnames which are very common in the area will be grouped by themselves. Other indexes commonly found used to index deeds includ Paul Company Indexes, the Burr Record Index, the Campbell Index, the Rus sell Index, and the Cott Index. From Deed Index to DeedMost deed indexes provide a substantial amount of information including the date of the deed transaction, the names of the grantor and grantee, plus the book and page number where the deed entry can be found in the deed books. Once you have located the deeds in the index, it is a relatively simple task to find the deeds themselves. You can either visit or write to the Register of Deeds yourself or browse the microfilm copies of the deed books at a library, archives, or through your local Family History Center. Next Deciphering the Deeds Although the legal language and old handwriting styles found in old deeds may seem a bit intimidating, deeds are actually organized into predictable parts. The exact format of the deed will vary from locale to locale, but the overall structure remains the same. The following elements are found in most deeds: This IndentureThis is the most common opening for a deed and will frequently be found written in larger letters than the rest of the deed. Some earlier deeds dont use this language, but instead will start with words such as To all to whom these presents shall come greeting... ...made and entered into this fifteenth day of February in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy five.This is the date of the actual deed transaction, not necessarily the date it was proved in court, or recorded by the clerk. The date of the deed will often be found written out, and may appear here at the beginning of the deed, or later near the end. ...between Cherry and Judah Cherry his wife...of the one part, and Jesse Haile of the county and state aforesaidThis is the section of the deed that names the parties involved (the grantor and grantee). Sometimes this section includes details which added to make it clear which William Crisp or Tom Jones was meant. Additionally, this section may also indicate relationships between the involved parties. Specifically, watch for details on place of residence, occupation, seniority, name of spouse, position relating to the deed (executor, guardian, etc.), and statements of relationship. ...for and in consideration of the sum of ninety dollars to them in hand paid, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledgedThe term consideration is usually used for the section of the deed which acknowledges payment. The sum of money which changed hands is not always specified. If it is not, be careful not to assume that it indicates a deed of gift between family members or friends. Some people just liked to keep their financial matters private. This section of the deed is usually found immediately after the names of the parties to the deed, though sometimes it may be found mentioned between the parties. ...a certain tract or parcel of land situate lying and being in the State and County aforesaid containing by estimation one hundred acres more or less butted and bounded as follows Beginning in a Cashy Swamp at the mouth of a Branch then up said branch...The statement of property should include the acreage and the political jurisdiction (the county, and possibly the township). In public-land states it is given by the rectangular survey coordinates and in subdivisions it is given by lot and block number. In state-land states, the description (such as in the example above) includes a description of the property lines, including waterways, trees, and adjoining land owners. This is known as a metes and bounds survey and usually starts with the word Beginning written in extra large letters. ...to have and to hold the above said bargained premises to him the said Jesse Haile his heirs and assigns foreverThis is typical beginning for the final section of the deed. It is usually full of legal terms and generally covers items such as possible encumberances or restrictions on the land (back taxes, outstanding mortgages, joint owners, etc.). This section will also list any restrictions on use of the land, payment terms for mortages if it is a deed of mortgage, etc. ...whereof we have set our hands and fixed our seals this fifteenth day of February in the year of our Lord God one thousand seven hundred and seventy five. Signed Sealed and delivered in presence of us...If the deed wasnt dated at the beginning, then you will find the date here at the end. This is also the section for signatures and witnesses. It is important to understand that the signatures found in the deed books are not true signatures, they are just copies made by the clerk as he recorded from the original deed.

How far does Source I prove that the policeman in Source J is telling the truth Essay Example

How far does Source I prove that the policeman in Source J is telling the truth Essay Example How far does Source I prove that the policeman in Source J is telling the truth Essay How far does Source I prove that the policeman in Source J is telling the truth Essay Essay Topic: History Source I is a cartoon image from the time of Prohibition. It is illustrating the artists opinion, which is that America (Chicago) was corrupt. The hand gestures from different people including a clerk, a city official, a magistrate, a politician, a policeman, and a Prohibition agent are to show that many different levels of Americas people were relying on gangster payroles. Source J quotes a policeman who is also talking about Americas corruption, when he says that his superior officers were also, as well as himself, involved in the acceptance of bribes. One of the people shown to be ready to accept bribes in Source I is a policeman, and Source J is a policeman who talks about accepting bribes. In this way, Source I is agreeing with Source J; but this is not proof that the policeman in Source J is telling the truth as it is a matter of opinion and not fact. It is important to note the fact that the policeman in Source J is obviously not the most reliable of people, as he is in the wrong, according to what he says, and so he is likely to be lying in order to defend himself. Source A can be used to back up the idea that the police were reluctant to enforce Prohibition to their full ability: No earlier law produced such widespread crime. If the police had been enforcing Prohibition properly (and perhaps not choosing to ignore some drinkers as they sympathised with them, as undoubtedly some of the police drank alcohol themselves), then there wouldnt have been such a crime problem. Source I is likely to be strongly exaggerated as it is propaganda which sends out the message that everyone was corrupt. It was very unlikely that everyone was corrupt. However, it must contain elements of truth, otherwise people wouldnt have been able to relate to it. Source I is titled The National Gesture, which means that everybody was accepting bribes, but this was not necessarily true. The level of corruption is shown to be very strong, and the message is that Prohibition was failing. Source B is in agreement with this, where is says there were more than 30, 000 speakeasies in New York. Speakeasies were illegal places to drink, and so this is agreeing with Source Is message that Prohibition was failing. One way in which Source I is in disagreement with Source J is that Source I shows the policeman to be ready and waiting for a bribe to come along, whereas the policeman in Source J is saying that although he was given a bribe, he didnt ask for it and it was forced on him. However, this could be interpreted differently. The policeman in Source J may well be lying, and he may have really accepted the bribe and not been forced into having it. If so, then Source I could actually be backing this up and saying that the police accepted bribes, but only behind their backs in secret because they dont want anybody to know if this is true, like the policeman in Source J. In conclusion, Source I can only agree with Source J, it cannot actually prove that the policeman is telling the truth as it is only a cartoon and does not give proof of anything it is not statistics, photographic evidence or a witness account. It is also a fact that one source can never actually prove another to be true.

Special education (special needs students in regular classes) Essay

Special education (special needs students in regular classes) - Essay Example However, I feel Timmy really wants to succeed, and as teachers we will be able to help him do this. This website offers a nice look into the different signs of ADD/ADHD, which is good for any teacher, as they should be able to pick up and monitor these signs. It also lists a bunch of creative strategies in dealing with children with ADD/ADHD. This site offers many different links, which all offer tons of information about the different teaching methods that have been used. All off these methods have been found to be highly effective, and are of great use to us as teachers. Another great and helpful site that was written from a parent's perspective. It offers ten key points to remember when teaching children with ADHD, and I think they are all important to Timmy's success. I feel that working with Timmy will be an joyous experience for us all, however trying it may be on our patience. I think that is the first important thing to remember. Next, I often find that if Timmy feel he needs to be the center of attention, I make him that, and ask him a question or have him help me with an activity. This really seems to help. I also feel that incorporating the different elements of my research, we can continue to build an effective plan for Timmy. I feel that it is also important to make sure Timmy keeps a notebook, so he can keep track of everything he is supposed to do.

How did the events and ideas in your primary source reading reflect Essay

How did the events and ideas in your primary source reading reflect broader changes in American history for this period - Essay Example African Americans wanted to become autonomous. This autonomy would be achieved if an Africa free of White domination was achieved. Africans had to be liberated from colonization. This notion was demonstrated in the speech of Marcus Garvey in the Second International Convention of Negroes held at Liberty Hall, New York (Garvey, 1921). The speech centrally suggested that Africans should fight for freedom even if it will cost their lives. This reflects the broader changes in American History because African Americans were becoming disillusioned due to segregation, racial discrimination and racial violence; and they were ready to fight for their liberty. In the early 20th century, there was a general wave of calls for the liberty of African Americans that led to the formation of Universal Negro Improvement Association and the African Communities League. The founder of the association was Marcus Garvey. It was based on the belief of respect of human rights and supremacy of God almighty. At the period when the organisation was formed, African Americans were suffering from the injustice committed by the Whites. In Africa, African states were colonized. Europeans had sliced their land and divided among themselves (Fredrickson, 1995). Africans were forced to surrender their wealth to aliens, and to make things worse, they were forced to work for the Whites in the same lands that belonged to them before they were taken away. In United States, African Americans were still enslaved, segregated and discriminated. In United States, like in Africa, Black people were not accorded equal treatment with whites. They were not allowed in hotels and inns in the same extent as their white counterparts (Fredrickson, 1995). As a result of this, African Americans were determined to fight for their liberty. Southern parts of USA experienced high levels of African-American segregations in public places. The Jim Crow compelled